How Millennials Can Save Millions for Retirement

How Millennials Can Save Millions for Retirement It’s dreadful to need to consider retirement reserve funds in your 20s, yet kid is it fundamental. As expansion rates change and annuities become increasingly uncommon, contemplating the future presently is required on the off chance that you need to live easily without working in your mid-60s and past. Make sense of Your NeedsHere are 4 things you can never really out the amount you need and how much you’re going to need to spare to get that much.1. Gauge your future spendingEstimating your future spending is fundamentally the same as evaluating your present spending. In any case, consider what costs you will and won't have in the following not many years. Will your home loan get paid off? Will you have any drawn out wellbeing costs? Will you need to travel? Locate an online adding machine that can assist you with your numbers.2. Gauge your retirement costsFind an online mini-computer likewise to assist you with figuring your retirement needs: your month to month costs , reserve funds objectives, retirement age, etc.3. Make a planWrite down-regardless of whether just on a solitary piece of paper-the objectives you’ve set up to help hold yourself accountable.4. Keep at itThings change. Life changes. Continue returning to your arrangement to ensure it’s cutting-edge and remains sufficiently pertinent to really convey what you need.Aim Sky High-Think MillionaireSo we’ve coveredâ how to begin thinking about sparing and placing a strong arrangement in real life. Be that as it may, we realize you need to spare parts. Millions, preferably, isn't that so? Here are 5 hints to kick you off on the way to add up to budgetary comfort.1. Start ASAPThe prior you start, the more you’ll end up with in your stash. Envision what might occur on the off chance that you increased your month to month reserve funds number through the span of your lifetime? The number outrageously includes up.2. Evade debtBe brilliant by staying away from unde rstudy advances and charge card obligation. On the off chance that you do gather unavoidable obligation, try to take care of it snappily as could reasonably be expected. You’ll spare a huge measure of cash without taking note. What's more, consistently consider the money related repercussions of significant life decisions.3. Contribute slowlyDon’t dump all your overabundance cash into high hazard/reward adventures. Steady minded individuals will win in the end. Think 401k.4. Produce different incomesThe more cash you get, the more you’ll spare and the quicker you can square away your obligations and begin siphoning any additional assets into your riches creation.â 5. Live frugallyEvery time you go to burn through cash on something, reconsider that cost as far as different things. What number of lattes transform into an excursion to Paris? Another fall coat? What number of fall coats transform into a Ferrari, after some time? Cut the same number of corners as yo u can and you’ll be astonished at how rapidly you deal with your life and your future.

Physicalism v Dualism Essay Example

Physicalism v Dualism Essay Physicalism v Dualism-the Mind/Body Problem In theory there are various perspectives with regards to the brain/body issue. The gentle/body issue Is the issue of clarifying how the brain identifies with the body. One of these perspectives is called dualism. Dualist use Leibniz law to help their contention that the psyche and body are two unique things. Then again there is additionally another gathering of logicians called rawness. Genuineness guarantee that everything including mental viewpoints are unmistakable and they utilize an idea called methods of introduction to help their convictions against dualism. In this paper I will be further clarifying Leibniz law and how it is utilized by dualism. I will likewise go into the methods of introduction idea and how genuineness use it as a reaction to dualism. Leibniz law, otherwise called the Indiscernible of Identicalness, expresses that If An and B are indeed the very same thing, at that point An absolute necessity have no different properties of B and the other way around. For instance If Spenserian can shoot networks out of his wrists, and Peter Parker Is Spenserian, Then Peter Parker can likewise shoot networks out of his wrists. We will compose a custom paper test on Physicalism v Dualism explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Physicalism v Dualism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Physicalism v Dualism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Here An is Spenserian and B is Peter Parker. Leibniz law would likewise suggest that in the event that An and B have efferent properties, at that point An and B can't be indeed the very same thing. For instance, let’s state that I glance out the window and I see Spenserian swinging by on his bug catching network. I wonder who Spenserian is. Presently as Spenserian is swinging by, I see my pal Harry Osborn standing other than me. Utilizing Leibniz law, I reason this way: Spenserian is swinging by on a bug catching network. Osborn isn't swinging by on a cobweb; he is standing right other than me. In this model, Spenserian Is An, and Osborn is B. Spenserian has a property that Osborn doesn't, so utilizing the law, we can certainly say that Osborn Is not Spenserian and Spenserian Is not Osborn. With regards to supporting their convictions, dualist explicitly utilize the second sort of model, that An Is not very much the same with B. Dualist’s accept that the essential segments of the universe comprise of generally two distinct sorts of things. There are absolutely physical articles and properties, and there are likewise simply mental or non-physical items and properties. The psychological or non-physical items being the brain viewpoints (e. . Convictions, wants, torment), and the physical articles being the body perspectives (e. G. Appendages, cerebrums, organs). No non-physical/mental articles have shape, shading, mass, etc†¦ UT every single physical item do. You can't state that you’re convictions are pink or that your faculties are large, yet you can say that your mind Is pink and your arm Is enormous. We additionally realize that non-physical/mental angles can have Intensities, and that physical items can't. For instance you can't state that you’re mind or Its parts are Intense, however you can say that you’re cerebral pain is exceptional. Giving physical articles perspectives that just non-physical things nylon or abominable versa Is a model AT a classification maltase. Dualist use ten instances of classification errors and Leibniz law as contentions for dualism. The manner in which dualist use Leibniz law is by saying the accompanying: F is valid for the non-physical/mental thing; F isn't valid for the Physical thing; along these lines the non physical/mental thing isn't equivalent to the physical. Where the non-physical/mental is A, the physical is B, and F is something that whenever ascribed to An is valid, however whenever credited to B would be a class botch and is in this manner bogus. For instance: Your cerebral pain is excruciating; your mind and its parts are not difficult; in this manner your migraine isn't your cerebrum or its parts. This can be utilized the other way, where An is the physical and B is he non-physical/mental. For example you can say: Your cerebrum and its parts have mass and shading; your brain research and its perspectives have no mass or shading; hence your brain science isn't your mind or its parts. There are various different models like these that dualist use to show how physical properties are not equivalent to non-physical properties and how they are two totally various things. These are additionally the sorts of contentions that rawness assault and use to sabotage the dualist conviction. Genuineness, as I referenced in the first place, guarantee that everything known to man s physical and that the entirety of the mental or mental viewpoints are likewise physical. This contention is obviously totally different of what dualism asserts and is in certainty a reaction to dualism. Rawness use something many refer to as the methods of introduction trying to show how dualist are considering things in the incorrect manner. They state that the psyche is indistinguishable from the mind Just like Spenserian is indistinguishable from Peter Parker. They are introduced in various manners however they are basically a similar individual and can do very similar things. The methods of introduction idea and how rawness use t as a counterexample to dualism and can be clarified with the accompanying model: To Mary Jane, Spenserian swings around New York utilizing his super powers to battle wrongdoing and endeavor to keep the Justice in the city; Also to M], Peter Parker doesn't swing around New York utilizing his super powers to battle wrongdoing and endeavor to keep the Justice; in this manner, to M], Spenserian isn't Peter Parker and Peter Parker isn't Spenseria n. In any case, we realize that in certainty Peter Parker and Spenserian are very much the same, MS, through her numbness neglects to understand this. For this situation MS is submitting something known as deliberate false notion since she neglects to perceive that Spenserian and Peter Parker are a similar individual, or have a similar expansion. Intension is the way that a word or name is connected to an augmentation. Expansion is everything to which a name or a term can be applied to. So the expansion of Spenserian can be applied to a man that has super powers that permit him to shoot networks out of his wrists and climb dividers, Just to give some examples. So you can say that an expansion of Spenserian is Peter Parker. That’s why MS would submit purposeful misrepresentation, since she doesn’t accept that the intension joined to Spenserian and Peter Parker has a similar augmentation. The manner in which genuineness utilize this against dualism is by saying that in their contentions, dualist are in truth submitting the equivalent purposeful paradox that MS is submitting Walt superman Ana Peter Parker. Encyclicals quiet Tanat your Drain NAS a Pensacola method of introduction just as a mental/mental method of introduction. They are two distinct methods of introduction, however like Spenserian and Peter Parker, they are indeed the very same thing. We are just ready to see the physical method of introduction from the manner in which we take a gander at the cerebrum, however we can't see the mental/mental mode since it is past us. For instance, genuineness would contend that your conviction that you are perusing this paper is indistinguishable from a piece of your cerebrum; they are Just incapable to pinpoint which part that is actually, obviously they state it will in the long run be conceivable to do as such. They additionally state that on the off chance that you take a gander at your convictions in the mental/mental method of introduction, it doesn’t have shading, yet in physical mode it does. We need to consider convictions and all the mental perspectives in a physical method of introduction. Figuring along these lines would suggest the end that whatever is valid for the cerebrum is likewise valid for the brain.

Discussion On The Contribution Of Positivism Philosophy Essay

Conversation On The Contribution Of Positivism Philosophy Essay The universe, everything will change this world everything goes. Society, as an enormous framework, in science and innovation become progressively evolved, the quick improvement of people groups expectation for everyday comforts, they additionally constrained us to confront each other social issue: The first is the living space required for the developing and the current living space exceptionally little inconsistencies, raising worries about the fate of the Concerned; and the genuine social issues which likewise plague the individuals for quite a while, provoking individuals to consider these issues. Positivism is a result of social change is that individuals are an impression of social issues, and its produce to the network has made incredible commitments to the following likewise incorporate the confinements of positivism. This article will discuss the importance and advancement of positivism, and afterward it will show the commitment of positivism and its impediment. The article likewise concentrates each positivist who makes a noteworthy commitment for positivism. At the point when individuals need to know the commitment of positivism in the public arena, at that point they would like to examine reproachful of positivism. Right off the bat they should realize what is positivism? What is it an opportunity to begin, what are the reasons of starting point, and other turn of events? (J H Bridges, Robert Speller and Sons 1957) Positivism is a sort of tactile experience pressure, dismissal of Western transcendentalism, the philosophical schools. Observational positivism was as a type of articulation, bringing about the nineteenth century, 30 to 40 years in France and Britain. Prior to that, I. Newton, D. Humes observation has been associated with experimental inquiry, and the mid nineteenth century French idealistic communists H. Holy person Simon first use positivism. Notwithstanding, carefully, the originator of positivism is the French logician, humanist A. Comte. From 1830 onwards, Comte progressively its six volumes of this proof based way of t hinking instructional exercise, denoted the development of positivism. As per the perspectives on Comte, positivism, comprehensively, (Comte 1844) philosophical and political framework by the structure, the previous is the establishment, and next one is an immense arrangement of direction; tight to state that Comte established positivism that is exact way of thinking. Comte that the historical backdrop of humanity from odd notion or power of science process. At the point when the networks of researchers deal with the general public, individuals entered the truth stage. After Comtes positivism, Durkheim corrected to be altered and made his own new hypothesis of social actuality. What is social certainty? (Hadden, p. 104) Durkheim characterized social realities as things is the way that outer compulsion, which is to make an aggregate quality instead of from people. While they may not appear to be recognizable, social realities are things, and are to be concentrated observationally, not thoughtfully (Ritzer, p. 78). Social Facts: When I perform sibling, spouse, or residents, when I complete my agreement, my obligation, so I characterize the duties, outer to myself and my conduct, in law and custom. Regardless of whether they meet my own feelings, I feel that their abstract reality, which is as yet objective, since I didn't make them, I simply through my training, legacy them. (Durkheim Rules, p. 1).â As instances of social realities, Durkheim refers to strict convictions, money used to embrace exchanges, and factors, for example, the practices followed in my calling (Durkheim Rules, p. 2). These kinds of conduct or thought are outside the individual, in any case, furthermore, to provide for drive them to force his own uprightness, his own will to the exchange. (Durkheim Rules, p. 2). Â In this way, various savants and researchers of the Comtes positivist way of thinking be changed to bar an epistemological tenet, advancing another way of thinking of science, there has been Machism and legitimate positivism.( J. T. Blackmore, R. Itagaki, and S. Tanaka 2009) E. Mach accept that the genuine science is a fine phenomenology, that is the specific portrayal of an individual feels, including this one from where they discovered a portion of the guidelines. He was against the presentation of nuclear material science and science, and to a positivist manner of speaking, stated: You truly observe it? To the twentieth century, Positivism and B. Russell and A Whiteheads mix of essential science and become the Vienna school of sensible positivism ruler. In this way, the historical backdrop of the positivism is separated into two kinds: the early positivism known as the old positivism, sensible positivism, otherwise called neo-positivism. Since the times of self-Comte, positivism, who has been evaluated to be sorted out on different subjects? From the most established and the most essential material science to sociologies, every science are thought to be reestablished to a sub-1 level, so practically all science and all parts of material science. Warmly, (Comte 1844) positivist idea all in all the quest for logical realities can be watched, irrefutable, and that the anticipated future society must be acceptable. Positivism on this disposition of society later on there are likenesses with the idealistic communism, positivism, the commitment of different clear pattern is that it track to follow the advancement of science and logical improvement procedure of the retention of the elements helpful for philosophical reflection. To put it plainly, positivism is a significant profit by the improvement accomplishments of present day science and theory, however the introduction of science to the way of thinking of transformation factor is the general advancement of current Western culture. The presence of things is a twofold edged. Positivism imperfection is exceptionally clear: First, (Alfred Schutz, George Walsh, and Fredrick Lehnert 1967) it over-underlined the wonder, to be specific, the significance of perceptual information, overlooking objective idea throughout the entire existence of commitments to human development. This trapped in inductive perspective. Second, (M Weber 1978) it overlooks the people groups mindfulness, especially the confinements of perceptual information, however to perceptual information reached out to the entire of mankind's history. Implies that as long as the positivism of insight, in any period is everything that could possibly be seen, yet individuals know the truth not the situation. Third, positivism not appears to understand that characteristic logical methodology inherently inadequate. In this way, individuals can likewise make such a positivist analysis. At that point positivism isn't a panacea hypothesis, is that numerous positiv ists themselves think so as well, in this way, on certain issues individuals can and should be positivism to the investigation, in some different issues; individuals should utilize some different approaches to tackle the issue, for example, logic, not just positivism. At that point the well known positivist Comtes positivism is a sort of tactile experience pressure, avoidance powerful schools of Western way of thinking, Comte use it to attempt to recognize and in this way to supplant the conventional way of thinking of optimism and realism. Comtes positivism is the vision of Berkeley and Humes experimentation and Newtons unthinking way of thinking of blend. It is in this understanding, custom, propelled by the positivist way of thinking of Comte from which broadens the hypothesis out. Positivism, observation has acquired the essential perspectives of the past, that the inception of the considerable number of issues on the world have a place with transcendentalism, however just what is the way of thinking of phenomenology ought to be contemplated. (A Comte 1988)Comte upheld everything ought to be founded on the perspective the wonder as a beginning stage, just the individuals who truly dependent on information are logical. Positivist way of thinkin g of Comte initial three phases of the improvement of the human psyche of the review, the second is an exact translation of the soul. Comtes human science, said that he was fundamentally from the positivist perspective, set forward structure a cutting edge society. Furthermore, (A Comte 1979)Comte is separated into social statics and social elements the two squares of human science, Social Statics investigation of social framework and social structure, this isn't to think about the social arrangement of fundamental development, to contemplate the different segments of the framework between the jobs and counterproductive law. It compares to the request. Social elements, which look into improvement and changes in the social framework, the laws, the center was social advancement. This qualification isn't a differentiation between two sorts of realities, however the qualification between two parts of the hypothesis request and progress, statics and elements, are constantly interrelated. In any case, (M J Smith 1998) Comte center just around his own during this time of European social qualities, there is not any more complete gander at the meaning of positivism; his investigation has constraints and is in a specific domain, an examination isn't exhaustive. (B Agger 2007) Durkheims commitments for the most part have social realities, social angles, and division of work and sociological methodologies. As per social realities and social viewpoints he has a solid social structure perspective, in all of us is dependent upon these social realities, and how we should adjust to these methods. Durkheim accepted that the division of work doesn't prompt social deterioration, however the adjustment as social solidarity gives a helpful technique for investigation of current society. Be that as it may, there are a few issues with his supposition, for example, activities, accord, solidarity and regular Consciousness. Despite the fact that there are basic moral in our general public in numerous viewpoints, there is one in comparative conditions, an individual acting in different ways there are additionally numerous chances. Durkheim might know about this chance, however he didn't appear to have anything to state about the idea of human inspiration. He was too worried about the bigger auxiliary issue. human activity or human activity is impossible that the hypothesis is restricted. Webers activity or models, for example, representative interactionism the latest here, a portion of the techniques will demonstrate progressively helpful. While doing considering Durkheim on social solidarity and a wellspring of valuable commitment, which usuall

Christian Essay Writing Help

Christian Essay Writing Help Christian Essay Writing Help Help with Writing Christian Research Papers and Term Papers Christian essays revolve around the Christian religion and sing the glories and greatness of it. Christian essays usually discuss the complete philosophy. The Christian papers focus on morality and truth and provide analysis of the several features that mark the religion. The Christian essay is based on the four major concepts of the religion and almost every Christian research paper attempts to define them. Writing a Christian essay without compromising on the details is made possible for you by the profession custom essay writers here. Custom Made Christian Essays on any Topic The Christian papers deal with birth, death, and resurrection of Christ and provide a new ideology of worship that is embraced by many.   Ã‚  Christian paper acknowledges and stresses on the monotheistic concept and believes Jesus to be the Messiah. The Christian paper presents the views that Jesus was resurrected from the dead to live forever in heaven and redeem the sinners. A Christian paper by our experts for instance will present all these facts and more for your need. All these facts of the religion provide unique scope of further research in the Christian paper with which our writers can do proper justice. Christian College Essay Writing Assistance Our Christian paper will offer interesting topics that you can work on as your research paper. The concept of holy trinity- the father, the son and the Holy Spirit is fascinating and is a challenge that our Christian paper poses for the students to explore. The Christian paper also encourages the theology students to study the Holy Bible. Christian paper provides interesting scope of studies as the modern era identifies three divisions of Christianity. If you are preparing for a term paper on Christianity, we can help you choose from the whole lot of available Christian essay topics. Moreover while preparing a Christian term paper our people rely upon the Bible as the best handbook.   Christian term paper can present topics covering various aspects of the religion like. For an in-depth Christian paper, you can choose tougher topics like the concept of paradise and hell. Christian paper from our expertswill be unique and detailed. The Christian paper will truly provide the reader the scope to understand the religion better and after completion of the Christian term paper you are sure to feel the true essence of the religion. Also try to read about economics paper on Bookwormlab.com!

Ronald Reagan Was The Best President America - 2239 Words

Kelsi Bliss Mr. Glaza English II 23 April 2015 Do you believe Ronald Reagan was the best president America has ever had in office? Ronald Reagan brought a great recovery to America in the 1980s, 1983 to be exact. Reagan gave the military spending and increase. Reagan led to budget deficits and a more significant national debt. Reagan’s economic programs favored the rich. Ronald Reagan was one of America’s most valued presidents. He made a big change in society, Reagan made a difference; bringing peace and serenity throughout the nations. Ronald Reagan was the most influential and powerful president America has ever come to know. Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911. In Tampico, Illinois Reagan was the second of the sons to be born from their parents John â€Å"Jack† Edward Reagan and Nelle Wilson Reagan. Jack Reagan was a Democrat and was remembered for outspoken oppositions to racial discrimination. As for Reagan’s mother Nelle Reagan who was conservative, she gave sensational readings to people at women’s groups,jails and hospitals. During Reagan’s childhood it contained a sequence of moves. Then the Reagan family settled in Dixon, Illinois when Reagan was nine years old. Where Jack Reagan opened a shoe store, that business did not last very long. So then Jack Reagan later then held a negligible government job apportion relief checks during the Great Depression. Nelle Reagan was an heartfelt religious member of the Disciples of christ church NelleShow MoreRelatedRonald Wilson Reagan And The President Of The United States Of America1717 Words   |  7 PagesRona ld Wilson Reagan was the fortieth president of the United States of America. He was a member of the Republican party. He served two terms as the president. He was shot in attempted assassination attempt by John Hinckley Jr. These are the simple facts that most everybody knows. But what was his personal life like? 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Illusion of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman and...

The American Dream is what all Americans strive to achieve. It is the illusion of prosperity and happiness. The American Dream consists of three different elements, money, sex, and power. The plays â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† are about families who strive to achieve the American Dream. These plays are a lot alike and they have more similarities than differences. In America, money can get you many places in society. In both plays, money plays an essential element. In â€Å"The Glass Menagerie,† Amanda is always concerned about Laura getting a job or marrying someone whom can support her. When Amanda realizes that Laura quit going to business school, she becomes very distressed. â€Å"What are we going to do, what is going†¦show more content†¦But he’s a human being, and a terrible thing is happening to him. So attention must be paid.† Willy liked to imagine that he was prosperous, and that his sons would be prosperous. Sex is another element of the American Dream. The characters in both plays have their fantasies and dreams about love. They are dreamers who can slip into, and out of reality. In â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Laura is in love with a person that she knew in high school. She talked to him some in high school, but not a lot. Her crush for him lasted long after high school. She says, â€Å"Yes. I liked one once. I came across his picture a while ago.† Once he comes to her house for dinner, she is quite around him, and she is disappointed when she finds out that he is engaged. In â€Å"Death on a Salesman,† Willy searches for love, but does not realize what he has. He has a loving family, and wife who cares a lot about him. He does not recognize their love, and has to run off and have an affair with a woman. When Biff finds out about the affair, he finally realizes that he fails in business because his father had him stuck on the myth of the American Dream. Furthermore , having power is also very important for achieving the American Dream. In â€Å"The Glass Menagerie,† Amanda has to be in control of everything. She likes telling her son and daughter what they should be doing. She recurrently reminds Tom about how important his job is for the security of the family. She says, â€Å"What right have you gotShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Tennessee Williams ´ The Glass Menagerie and Arthur Miller ´s Death of a Salesman1158 Words   |  5 Pages The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller are two of the twentieth century’s best-known plays. The differences and similarities between both of the plays are hidden in their historical and social contexts. The characters of The Glass Menagerie and the Death of a Salesman are trapped by the constraints of their everyday lives, unable to communicate with their loved ones and being fearful for their future. There are a lot of comparisons thatRead MoreGlass Salesman: A Comparison of Themes In a Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller2550 Words   |  11 PagesOne dreams, through the use of imagination, of what will become of them as life progresses. In some cases that person lives passionately with desires of self fulfillment, eventually reaching their goals in an ever so content way. At other times one remains lost, underappreciated, and ultimately carries with them a perilous, loathing attitude. Willy Loman drives his life to the point of no return where images of his past become his contorted reality. Amanda Wingfield slips on the white dress of herRead MoreDeath of a Salesman (Analysis and Personal Reaction)2850 Words   |  12 PagesDeath of Salesman is a a very deep play written by Arthur Miller about a salesman struggling to keep his grip on reality and his family. This play is a memory play, switching from present to past and vice versa whenever Willy, the salesman and father of the family, has a moment of in sanity and returns to times gone by. Being memory, it allows for music to announce emotions and characters, and well as exaggerations and/or omissions. As Tom says in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie: Being aRead MoreAnalysis Of Tennessee Williams s The Glass Menagerie 2800 Words   |  12 PagesFontes 11 Tennessee Williams is considered to be one of the most distinguished American playwrights of the twentieth century. As a Southern writer, Williams used his personal life and experiences as subject matter for many of his stories. Williams? turbulent early life was the basis for many of his plays. As an autobiographical play, The Glass Menagerie depicts individuals not only fleeing from reality, but also escaping from their desperate situations. Escape is defined ?as a means of obtaining

Environmental and Economic Costs-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a Review to Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States by Pimentel, Zuniga and Morrison in 2004. Answer: Introduction: 21st century is the era of development of technology and industry and along with this it has been seen that deterioration of the environment is rising at an alarming rate. Various studies are dealing with the change of climate and have seen that one of the main reasons for this environmental devastation is the alien invasive species (Backer et al. 2018). An invasive species is a type of animal species or fungus or it may be plant, which is not native in nature to specific region, however, it seems to expand. Their tendency to rapidly grow causes damage to the ecosystem as well as the human health and wealth. With the rise of alien invasive plants, mammals and other living as well non living organism, ecosystem is having biodiversity; however, they possess certain amount of threat. According to the study of Pimentel, Zuniga and Morrison (2005) in the United States alone there were approximately 50,000 or more invasive species has been introduced since 1906 to 1991 and it has cost the country more than 1.1 billion USD (Hoffmann and Broadhurst 2016). One of the main issues with the invasive species is their control cost and it is hard to determine the overall cost incurred by various economies due to the magnitude of alteration posed on the ecosystem by these species (Turpie and Jurk 2016). This report is meant to analyse the Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States by Pimentel, Zuniga and Morrison, published in 2004 in order to assess the control cost and the change in ecosystem due to the alien invasive species (Pimentel, Zuniga and Morrison 2005). This review of the chosen journal critically examines the contribution to the selected theme of the debate in the case of regional climate change analysis. In the second section of this analysis a synoptic review of the selected journal will be provided and later Assessment of the contribution of the selected journal will be highlighted. Analysis synoptic review of the selected journal: The author of the Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States sets out to contribute better understanding regarding the environmental economic effect of the alien invasive species in the USA (Jardine and Sanchirico 2018). The author has stated that one of the main reasons of the deteriorating environmental economic is caused due to the effect of the alien invasive species. Among 958 native species in the USA, 400 are presently endangered due to the rapid growth of the invasive species (Keller et al. 2018). Not only is the USA, besides this, various ecosystem of different region in the world largely affected by the invasive species. 80% of the native species worldwide are in great danger due to the invasion of the non native species in those regions. Among many invasive species, it has been found that dogs, rats, crop weed and pigeons are the most danger in nature (Glen and Vanak 2018). Control cost of these animals is hig her compared to the other invasive species and according to the estimates the control figure is as high as 44 million USD. According to the Paini et al. (2016) threat from the invasive species in the global agriculture is rising day by day and it has high correlation with degradation of the human health and environment. Selected journal also highlights that how much the native lives are affected by several invasive organisms. Though the selected journal is highly statistics based and categorically distributed, however, the nature of its contribution is not clear throughout the study. Moving forward, an assessment of the selected journal will be performed in order to perform detailed analysis of the selected journal and test how good it fits with the selected theme of study. Assessment of the contribution of the selected journal: Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States published in 2004 is one of the studies that performs a detailed analysis of the environmental economics in the case of alien invasive species. the report has illustrated the environmental economics and has tried to discuss the effect of aliens invasive species on the native species. The research was performed more than a decade ago that makes the estimated values questionable. Besides this, the research work was mostly done on the US data, however various articles like Rumlerov et al. (2016); Ghelardini et al. (2017), describes the environmental economic performance of the alien invasive plants in European region. The report fails to judge the ancient biological invasion and how it has affected the ecosystem of the islands compared to the main land (Hofman and Rick 2017). This journal is mainly a case study of the alien invasion in the US region, which miserably fails to assess the world environment. The chosen model of the selected study is basic in nature and not suitable for future work due to the lack of clear distinction between the various parts. It lacks the explanation regarding the key variables and estimation details of the figures provided. However, it can be seen that the selected study has been reflecting the figures published by the government authorities and the data from previous researches in the case of demographical details (Weber 2017). The selected study concludes with the idea to constrain the present situation of the alien invasion in the ecological environment in the US (Veer and Nentwig 2015). Further it adds that it would be ideal to bring in more government controlling agency like Invasive Species Council and Weed Awareness Coalition to bring in sustainability in the ecosystem. Thus it clearly sets out a path for the policymakers what to do in the case of deteriorating environmental economy. Conclusion: This report has analysed the Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States by Pimentel, Zuniga and Morrison published in 2004 for assessing the environmental economics of alien invasive species. The report has found that over the year, various alien invasive species has cost the US economy an estimated loss of 1.1billion USD. However, the report has also found that 98% of these invasive species creates the food system of the US and they are being used as pest control, pet, sports and for various other purposes. The chosen journal was focused to discuss the environmental economic effect of the alien invasive species; however, the report has found that it fails miserably to discuss the condition of the other countries. For instance, the report has found that alien invasive species has wide environmental economic effect on the European region and in the case of Australia. Finding the errors in the previous researches in this f ield is not only the ultimate outcome; finding and formulating effective policies to control the devastating effective of the alien invasive species should be the main goal. For instance, as the report suggests, there should be more plan like Invasive Species Council of USA, which was built by the then President of USA Bill Clinton in the year 1999. In addition, bringing in more institutions like Invasive Weed Awareness Coalition to control and maintain the spread of invasive plants. Besides this, it would be ideal to bring in more partnership among the concerned economies and stimulate the research to mitigate the issue with the said biological invaders (DiTomaso et al. 2017). Most of the alien invasive plants have become the integral part of the human food cycle; however, the cost incurred due to these macro organisms is beyond the scope of avoidance. To conclude it can be stated that it is high time and investing to prevent the growth of these invasive organism is much required t o make the environment as well as the economy sustainable. References: Bacher, S., Blackburn, T.M., Essl, F., Genovesi, P., Heikkil, J., Jeschke, J.M., Jones, G., Keller, R., Kenis, M., Kueffer, C. and Martinou, A.F., 2018. Socio?economic impact classification of alien taxa (SEICAT).Methods in Ecology and Evolution,9(1), pp.159-168. DiTomaso, J.M., Van Steenwyk, R.A., Nowierski, R.M., Vollmer, J.L., Lane, E., Chilton, E., Burch, P.L., Cowan, P.E., Zimmerman, K. and Dionigi, C.P., 2017. Enhancing the effectiveness of biological control programs of invasive species through a more comprehensive pest management approach.Pest management science,73(1), pp.9-13. Ghelardini, L., Luchi, N., Pecori, F., Pepori, A.L., Danti, R., Della Rocca, G., Capretti, P., Tsopelas, P. and Santini, A., 2017. Ecology of invasive forest pathogens.Biological Invasions,19(11), pp.3183-3200. Glen and Vanak (2018).The bark side: domestic dogs threaten endangered species worldwide. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/the-bark-side-domestic-dogs-threaten-endangered-species-worldwide-76782 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Hoffmann, B.D. and Broadhurst, L.M., 2016. The economic cost of managing invasive species in Australia.NeoBiota,31, p.1. Hoffmann, B.D. and Broadhurst, L.M., 2016. The economic cost of managing invasive species in Australia.NeoBiota,31, p.1. Hofman, C.A. and Rick, T.C., 2017. Ancient biological invasions and island ecosystems: tracking translocations of wild plants and animals.Journal of Archaeological Research, pp.1-51. Jardine, S.L. and Sanchirico, J.N., 2018. Estimating the cost of invasive species control.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,87, pp.242-257. Paini, D.R., Sheppard, A.W., Cook, D.C., De Barro, P.J., Worner, S.P. and Thomas, M.B., 2016. Global threat to agriculture from invasive species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,113(27), pp.7575-7579. Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R. and Morrison, D., 2005. Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States.Ecological economics,52(3), pp.273-288. Rumlerov, Z., Vil, M., Pergl, J., Nentwig, W. and Pyek, P., 2016. Scoring environmental and socioeconomic impacts of alien plants invasive in Europe.Biological invasions,18(12), pp.3697-3711. Turpie, J. and Jurk, C., 2016, January. Costs of meeting Aichi Targets for 2020: Target 9Invasive Alien Species. Convention on Biological Diversity. https://www. cbd. int/doc/meetings/fin/hlpgar-sp-01/information/hlpgar-sp-01-aichitargets-05-en. pdf. Accessed. Veer, G. and Nentwig, W., 2015. Environmental and economic impact assessment of alien and invasive fish species in Europe using the generic impact scoring system.Ecology of Freshwater Fish,24(4), pp.646-656. Weber, E., 2017.Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. CABI.

Macbeth Essays (670 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth In Shakespeare's tragedy, Macbeth, the characters and the roles they play are critical to its plot and theme, and therefore many of Shakespeare's characters are well developed and complex. Two of these characters are the protagonist, Macbeth, and his wife, Lady Macbeth. They play interesting roles in the tragedy, and over the course of the play, their relationship changes and their roles are essentially switched. At the beginning of the play, they treat each other as equals. They have great concern for each other, as illustrated when Macbeth races to tell Lady Macbeth the news about the witches and she immediately begins plotting how to gain for her husband his desire to be king. At this point, Lady Macbeth is the resolute, strong woman, while Macbeth is portrayed as her indecisive, cowardly husband. He does have ambition, but at this point, his conscience is stronger than that ambition. Lady Macbeth explains this characteristic of her husband in Act I, Scene v, when she says, "Yet do I fear thy nature; it is too full o' th' milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way." The next stage of change developing in the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is in Act II. This is the act in which Macbeth kills King Duncan. Macbeth's character change is apparent because it is obvious that he has given in to his ambition and has murdered the king. He is not entirely changed, though, because he is almost delirious after he has committed the crime. He exclaims, "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red." He believes that instead of the ocean cleaning his hands, his hands would turn the ocean red. Macbeth's role has changed somewhat but not entirely, since he has committed the crime but his conscience is still apparent after the murder. Lady Macbeth's role similarly changes somewhat in Act II. The reader sees a crack in her strong character when she tells Macbeth in Scene ii of Act II that she would have murdered Duncan herself if he had not resembled her father as he slept. Her boldness is still evident, though, when she calms Macbeth after the murder and believes "a little water clears us of this deed." Unlike the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their relationship remains unchanged from Act I to II. Their relationship is still very close as seen through Duncan's murder - a product of teamwork. At the end of Act III, both the roles and the relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have reached the final stage of their change. Now that Duncan is dead and Macbeth is hopelessly headed toward a life of immorality, Lady Macbeth fades into the background. Macbeth takes it upon himself in Act III to plot Banquo's murder without consulting his wife because he wants to protect her from the corruption that he has involved himself with. His role is now completely changed and there is no turning back for him. As Macbeth goes off on his own course during this time, Lady Macbeth's guilt is overwhelming and, cut off from him, she descends into madness. Her guilt emerges in Act III, Scene ii when she says she would rather be dead, and it grows from then on until her death. Lady Macbeth's character change is also evident in Act III, Scene ii when she backs out of Macbeth's mysterious murder plan and tells him, "You must leave this." The relationship between the couple is being torn apart by this time in Macbeth. They are headed in separate directions - Macbeth towards a life of evil and Lady Macbeth towards insanity and grief. As Shakespeare developed the characters of Macbeth and his wife, their changing roles ironically ended up resembling the other one's role. At the beginning of the tragedy, Macbeth was the hesitant character with a strong conscience, while Lady Macbeth was powerful and firm. However, by the time these two characters were completely changed, Macbeth ended up being decisive and greedy, as Lady Macbeth turned out to be weak since her guilty conscience drove her insane. Shakespeare's exchange of roles in Macbeth is clever yet unusual, but after all, "things aren't always what they seem."

Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essay

Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essay Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essay Internet Censorship and Freedom of Press Right essayThe introduction of censorship in internet raises the problem of the open access of individuals to information and the freedom of mass media. Therefore, the current debate on the necessity of the introduction and enhancement of censorship in internet is unnecessary and dangerous for basic human rights of users. This is why the current study focuses on the problem of censorship and internet.Thesis statement: the development of internet raises new threats and challenges but the introduction of the government censorship over internet contradicts to basic human rights and primarily violates the freedom of press right because censorship will limit the access of the public to information, while the public should have the right to know everything to prevent the misuse of power by the government and other actions of the government that may be harmful for public interests.2 Reasons for the introduction of internet censorship2.1 Key issues w hich are relevant today and may affect people now and in the future.2.1.1 The progress of technology creates numerous precedents and problems in regard to the observation of human rights. The development of online technologies contributes to the emergence of new problems, such as the problem of the identity theft, information breaches, misuse of information technologies to get access to the private information of users.2.1.2 Many issues related to the violation of the copyright law online are among major concerns that raise the pro-censorship debate. The development of internet opened the way for audio- and video-records sharing, including music and films and other audio-visual products that were protected by copyright laws and legal norms. As a result, owners of copyright and intellectual property rights suffered from substantial losses caused by such misusing of their property.2.1.3 Numerous cases of unethical behavior of users online is another reason for the development of censo rship to limit the violation of ethical norms. For instance, the emergence of online pornography is offensive in regard to the existing legal and ethical norms but often sexually explicit content may be available freely to all users, including children. In such a situation, the censorship turns out to be very important in terms of the prevention of possible risks of the violation of ethical norms of users.2.1.4 Mass media also report on numerous cases of child abuse online committed by predators. Children are vulnerable to the impact of predators online because they cannot identify users, whom they communicate with online. Internet creates ample opportunities for predators and other online offenders to misuse internet to create false identities and to reach their ends.2.1.5 The idea of the introduction and enhancement of censorship in relation to internet naturally emerges from the existing threats and risks associated with the uncontrollable use of internet.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2 Gov ernment censorship can protect users  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2.1 Government can introduce censorship and allow law enforcement agencies to conduct the investigation of cases that may be dangerous for the public or individuals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2.2 Government has more tools to maintain the censorship effectively compared to public or non-public organizations. Therefore, there are presumably no alternatives to the government censorship in internet.3 Negative effects of internet censorship introduced and maintained by the government3.1 Consequences of such censorship are negative and dangerous for democratic societies. The introduction and enhancement of online censorship by the government will raise another problem related to the violation of basic human rights and freedom of press.3.2 There is a risk of misusing the power by the authorities to ‘filter’ information flow via internet. As a result, the government can have excessive control over use rs and information flow. Such control is dangerous since the public may have limited access to certain information, while the government will play with information flows to meet its interests or interest groups supporting the government.3.3 People using internet turn out to be under the surveillance of the government, since the information is censored and, therefore, controlled and studied by law enforcement agencies.3.4 Censorship is the violation of the privacy right along with the right of freedom of press.4 Alternatives to the government censorship  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1 The development of software aiming at the enhancement of the individual information safety. For instance, users can set parameters of their information security using the software developed specifically for the protection of information of users. In such a way, they can determine which threats they want to protect themselves from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.2 The development of secure networks is another way to protect priva te information and avoid information security threats. In fact, today, many companies have already started implementing such solutions to secure their networks. In such a situation, the government censorship becomes unnecessary because secured network can protect users from numerous threats and risks associated with information breaches and other issues related to the information security.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.3 Individual responsibility of users is particularly important in terms of the protection of users. In fact, information security problems emerge mainly because users are careless and do not pay much attention to the problem of their information security.   As a result, when users take responsibility and are careful, they may decrease the risk of information breaches. For instance, users should not provide their private information to unreliable websites, but many users do it that leads to information breaches, identity thefts and other problems.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.4 Corporate r esponsibility is also important because companies developing and providing IT and online services should act responsibly. They should be aware that they may expose their customers to risks and threats associated with the violation of information security. In this regard, the corporate responsibility could have become an effective tool that could have helped to secure internet making government censorship unnecessary. In addition, companies offering reliable information security services could attract more customers seeking for secure online services.5 ConclusionThus, the introduction of the government censorship that will monitor and control internet and information flow transmitted via internet will have a negative impact on the society because it violates basic human rights, such as the privacy right or the freedom of press right. This is why the government should refuse from the introduction of censorship in internet because the public should have the right to have access to the information, while the government has no right to decide what people should know and what they should not. Instead, people should have the free access to the information and they may choose how to secure themselves from possible threats, for instance, with the help of special information security software.

Most effective CIO strategy for effective strategic IT planning Research Paper

Most effective CIO strategy for effective strategic IT planning - Research Paper Example This is because different countries world wide have their various policies which may affect the organization’s strategic objectives. Security of international operations and the organization’s planned information is another problem of creating an organization’s information technology plan. This is because the process involves the organizations infrastructure and its quality of information. Moreover in the world where technology is almost interconnected there is a probability of the organization to interfere with or illegitimately fake other organizations objectives as suggested by Schwalbe (2009). However the organization’s strategic objectives can also be interfered with due to the insecurity of information technology resulting from the connectedness. The cost of using information technology as well as the balance sheet implication has been a problem in developing an organizations information technology plan for its strategic objectives. This can be attributed to the fact that creating such a plan may need the organization to employ IT professionals or offer more training to its experts. This is costly as might not be within the organizations budget plan. As a result the organization ends up suffering more expenses which affect its operation as they are planned. The organization may also face the problem of integrating new technology with existing technology in data collection in order to create the information technology plan. This is due to the increasing web based applications, imaging systems, cellular and mobile phones, and electronic filing among others. The organization’s Information technology experts may not be familiar with the new technology hence end up developing a substandard IT Plan. The environment of the organization may not be conducive for developing an information technology plan for some

The extension of globalization since 1980 Essay

The extension of globalization since 1980 - Essay Example The current situation attracts the tourists to take sea voyage and so the industry exploits the interests of the consumers as well as targets a huge consumer base (United States Environment Protection Agency, 2008). Key Processes of Globalization The processes of globalization initiated with the evolution of capitalism in the fifteenth century. Consequently, it speeded to different parts of the globe. The processes of globalization were initiated in Latin America, North America and Asia (Santos, 2002, p. 67-68). After the emergence the processes of globalization were rooted with imperialism. During this period the nature of globalization depended much on the thoughts of the leaders of imperialism. They created distinctions among the people in terms of social strata and took on the policy to exploit the relatively less developed countries. The interimperial commercial activities constituted the second step. The emergence of trading possibilities among the European countries gave birth to competition for capturing the market. Globalization can be viewed to be cyclic in nature as it changes in different phases of economic development. Definitions and Measures of Inequality The widening gap between the rich and the poor is used to define inequality. By the concept of economic inequality, the disparities in the distribution of assets among the group of individuals are meant (World Bank, 2005, p. 27-28). Among the many other causes of inequality, the foremost is the difference between the wages and the salaries of the employed persons. Inequality emerges in many markets but inequality in the labor market leads to concentration of power under a few hands. Some other types of inequality include... From the initiation of the process of globalization, the leaders of imperialism had the central part to play. Although trade played an important part in the process of globalization, the gains from trade have not been too successful for the less developed countries. Therefore, the benefits from globalization have been centered on the developed nations. The researchers conducted based on globalization and inequality showed the same story. The researchers opined that globalization has contributed to widening the income gap between the rich and the poor as the rich have the capability to reap the benefits and exploit the poor. Only the study by Atkinson on Denmark showed no role of globalization in income distribution. But globalization is not the only factor for such an outcome. The other factors include political and social factors with the choices made by the nations. Trade also acts as the catalyst to boost the process of globalization. As more countries are opening up the trade bar riers, the choices of consumers are increasing. In this way the gate is opening up for technology transfer, but the benefits are getting accrued mostly to the more powerful ones.

Domestic workers in America Essay Example for Free

Domestic workers in America Essay In the United States of America a domestic worker is also known as a servant and most often they work and live within the household of their employers. The servants are very distinguishable from the slaves and the serfs since they receive payments for the work they do for their employers. The domestic workers have the freedom of leaving their employment at their free will. In the households which are large there are very many domestic workers who do different kinds of jobs. In America a butler is seen as the most senior domestic worker and he performs duties such as managing the other household servants as well as handling the wines. In America the female domestic workers are known as the maids. Their household chores range from; ironing, cleaning, cooking, washing, Purchasing the household drinks and foods, caring for the children, going together with the household head for the grocery shopping as well as taking the family dogs for walks if there are any. In most instances the domestic workers in America substitute the nursing role of caring for the elderly people in different households as well as taking care of those who have disabilities. (Anderson and Bowman 1993) The different domestic worker organizations in the United States of America The domestic workers union 2000 The domestic workers union was founded in New York by some elderly caregivers, housekeepers and some nannies from the Caribbean, Latin and the African countries. This organizations has a mission of empowering, respecting, and also subjecting the domestic workers to fair labor standards in America especially in the New York City. This organization also aimed at helping in the building of a movement which would end the exploitation and also the oppression of the domestic workers in America. The domestic workers union further supports the domestic workers who have suffered some violations and also abuse as well as violation of their rights in their work places. They also conduct some referrals, they make a provision for a direct support with the domestic workers employees and they at times organize some public support to the organizations members. The other domestic workers organizations in America assist in the protection of the rights and the dignity of the American domestic workers. Some of these organizations produce a contract which is standard for all the employers and the domestic workers including the employment agencies for the domestic workers. (Chow 1994) The domestic workers organizations in America offer some nanny training programs, the computer literacy programs and also some leadership training programs. Other domestic workers organizations in America include; the domestic workers homecare centre, the united domestic workers of America, the united domestic workers of San Diego, the united domestic workers of California and the national alliance of domestic workers. How the domestic worker groups are trying to assist the domestic workers have better experiences in America These domestic worker groups break the isolation of the domestic workers who work in the domestic work industry in the United States of America. This is because without the domestic workers in America all the activities in the major cities would stop in their tracks. On the other hand since the domestic workers especially women are devalued in most of the work aspects these worker groups seek to further educate the public so that they can respect the domestic workers and the work which they do. By educating the public on respecting the domestic workers these groups tend to uncover the racial and gender inequalities which exist in the domestic work industry and the labor market. Similarly these domestic worker groups fight for the recognition of the domestic workers in America as real and also skilled workers in the American population. On the other hand most of the domestic workers are excluded from most of the basic protections which are afforded to the workers in America and this is inclusive of the national labor relations and other discrimination protections thus the domestic workers organizations in America work towards ensuring that such protections are enforced and that the working conditions of the domestic workers ere not solely left at the whims if the employers. (Anderson and Bowman 1993) Similarly these organizations further seek to establish very fair and just standards which formerly recognize the domestic workforce as a real workforce with its own protections. In addition to this these domestic organizations in the united stats of America are movements which win justice for all the domestic workers in America. (Nancy 1987) This is because they address the root causes of all the injustices as well as the exploitation which are faced by the domestic workers alone since all these issues take more than the domestic workers single-handedly. The struggles of the domestic workers in America are closely tied to the struggles of all the other American workers, the immigrants, the migrants and also the oppressed communities. The domestic workers organizations connect with each other as well as other organizations and they build a movement that is very powerful in creating the change needed in the domestic workers workforce. (Chow 1994) The domestic worker groups are looking for ways to include the domestic workers as employees and this will further lead to better working conditions for the domestic workers and they could also be free to form the labor unions just as the other employees in the United States of America. Similarly these groups work towards achieving government Acts which have fair labor standards which set the minimum and wage rates and they also address the issue of the maximum working hours for the domestic workers. Similarly these organizations ensure that the domestic workers are not discriminated on the basis of their color, religion, age, nationality, sex, race as well as their disability. (Chow 1994) How the domestic workers are treated Some of the domestic workers in America receive very bad and poor treatment from their employers as well as the other household members. On the other hand some domestic workers are treated well by their host families. The domestic workers who receive bad treatment from their employers have their privacy invaded. They are also subjected to some sexual, emotional and physical abuses which in extreme cases lead to severe injury or even death. On the other hand the freedom of the domestic workers is restricted by the employees and this implies that they are at times treated as slaves who do not have a say on the decisions that are made pertaining their lives. Many of the domestic workers in America are also treated harshly by their employers as they have their personal documents confiscated especially the new immigrants such that they cannot willingly leave their employers. On the other hand the domestic workers have their working hours and also wages violated especially the live in domestic workers. The issues that the domestic workers have to deal with Most of the domestic workers in America work under very exploitive and harsh conditions and they have very many issues which they have to deal with. For instance the domestic workers are barred from organizing into unions collectively. It is however very important to note that the domestic workers form a very significant part of the American economy yet they are not protected by the labor laws of the federal state as the other employees are protected. In addition to this the domestic workers are faced with very unique barriers of organization since they have difficulties in doing negotiations with the employers as they each are in isolation in their employers households. (Nancy 1987) Most of the domestic workers stay for significant periods with the same employers in the same industry. They are a very stable workforce and they further endure various working conditions which further violate their rights as workers as well as human beings. The domestic workers deal with a lot of issues and they are inclusive of the following; ? Wages Statistics show that half of the domestic workers in America earn very low wages. Most of them make their wages below the minimum wages. On the other hand some of the domestic workers work overtime most of whom do not receive their overtime pays for the overtime hours in which they have worked. In America the domestic workers are the key providers in their families and some of them provide for their home countries but on the other hand they face very severe financial hardships as they work in the domestic labor force. ? Abuse Similarly the American domestic workers experience a lot of abuse from their employers or even the other household members. The abuse which comes from their employers could be inform of physical or even verbal abuse and this makes then feel very insecure and uncomfortable on the other hand some of the domestic workers who face various kinds of abuse identify their immigration status and racism as the main factors which contribute to the actions of their employers. (Chow 1994) The domestic workers also experience some sexual abuse and harassments by their employers but since the employees fear their employers then they are reluctant to report such abuses to the public as well as the concerned authorities. Thus the domestic workers cannot gat any form of assistance from the humanitarian groups, the governmental agencies or even the non-governmental groups. ? Lack of health insurance Most of the domestic workers in America do not receive the health insurance or health cover from their employers. Similarly in America most of the domestic worker cannot afford decent medical care which is necessary for themselves and also their other family members. On the other hand it is only less than half of the domestic workers who get basic benefits from their employers such as sick off and other regular pay rises. (Anderson and Bowman 1993) ? Stress Most of the domestic workers in America are faced with the issue of stress in the households where they work. The employers cause a lot of stress to the domestic workers by requiring them to do multiple jobs. Sometimes the employers also require them to perform duties which are not in their job descriptions in any way. On the other hand some of the employers require their domestic workers to work for other people other than themselves. All such requirements cause a lot of stress to the domestic workers and this could even have adverse effects on their health conditions. The domestic workers experience a lot of labor exploitation and abuse than the other female workers in America and this mainly applies to the migrant domestic workers. Most of the domestic workers are isolated from their families, friends as well as the other employees. In some instances some domestic workers cannot effectively communicate with their employers and this has further led to physical or even verbal abuse. Some domestic workers are abused by their employers but they still remain for the fear that they could loose their jobs and thus they would not be able to support their families. In some extreme case the domestic workers have been severely injured and they have also been killed b their employers. (Chow 1994) Since the domestic workers have their limited choices made by their employers, the employers set the employments terms and conditions regarding their accommodations, pay, meals, contacts, off days and also their mode of payments. The employers tend to control the lives of the domestic workers in most of the aspects. Most of the domestic workers have irregular and very long working hours and they also have some irregular and low payments for their salaries. The domestic workers in America also receive accommodation and meals which are below the standards since this is determined by their employers. Some employers withhold the pay of the domestic workers and they at times fail to pay them as agreed. The domestic workers are also faced with the issue of lack of communication and movement. The employers put some restrictions which limit the domestic workers and they isolated from the outside world. Most of the domestic workers are not allowed to leave the employers houses as well as meet with other people and they are also restricted from inviting friends into their houses. Another major concern for the domestic workers in America especially the immigrants are their possession of the legal identification documents. Some of the employers confiscate the documents which belong to the domestic workers thus they are not able to register or even acquire a work permit. (Chow 1994) The measures which are being taken to rectify these situations In order to rectify the situations which are faced by the domestic workers the following measures have been taken. 1. Implementation of the domestic workers bill of rights. This bill was amended so that it could address various issues concerning the domestic workers in America. The issues which are addressed in this bill of rights included the exclusion of the domestic workers from the most basic labor protections and it also provides a further recognition for the domestic workers workforce as real workforce. Similarly in the bill of rights there was an establishment of specified protections which addressed the vulnerability and the isolation of the domestic workers to the mistreatment and also abuse from their employers. 2. Instigation of the domestic workers policies which further prevent the recruitment fees which are exorbitant for the domestic workers as well as the debt payment systems which are very exploitive for the domestic workers in the United States of America. Such policies also cover the issue of trafficking domestic workers to the United States of America. 3. In rectifying these situations the domestic work is included as a part of the formal sector of employment. This will make it more recognizable and the domestic labor will fully be protected under the labor laws. 4. There is an establishment of employment contracts which are standard for all the domestic workers in America. This helps in the protection of the domestic workers rights and responsibilities. The contract also includes a definition of the employee’s responsibilities which should be categorized under the domestic work. It also defines the payment rates as well as the working conditions under which the domestic workers should be subjected and it also defines the working hours and the day offs. The contract also considers the domestic workers who are immigrants in the United States of America. (Nancy 1987) 5. Another measure which is being taken in order to rectify the situation off the domestic workers in America is the setting of the public awareness campaigns. These campaigns are based on the laws and regulations regarding the domestic workers in America. Through these campaigns the public is enlightened on the penalties which are entitled to the employers who commit any kind of abuse to the domestic workers. On the other hand the campaigns pay a lot of attention to the issues of the racial and gender migrations and this is inclusive of the living and also the working conditions of the domestic workers. The domestic workers through the campaigns are enlightened on their rights and the rights of their employers. 6. Another important measure which is being taken in addressing the situation of the domestic workers in America is the publicizing of the complaint mechanisms and other hot line services which are accessible to the domestic workers. This would be very helpful especially for the domestic workers in America who have been experiencing all kinds of problems with their employers. Similarly this would provide a better coordination between the employers, the domestic workers and the labor inspectors as well as the immigration officers and the police. (Anderson and Bowman 1993) 7. On the other hand there is development of systematic mechanisms and also training for various labor agencies especially for the non governmental organizations in all the levels. This further ensures that all these parties have a very clear understanding of all the issues which are related to the needs and the rights of the domestic workers. Similarly they will be able to apply the suitable responses whenever the domestic workers are abuses in any way or when their rights are infringed by their employers. The trainings would help the participating parties to counsel, shelter or even refer the domestic workers for health care treatments. 8. There is also the provision of mechanisms for the domestic workers who are immigrants to the United States of America. These mechanisms call for justice if the immigrant domestic workers receive bad treatment from their employers. Similarly they ensure that the immigrant domestic workers are not exploited, cheated, persecuted and they also do not suffer from any form of abuse from their recruiters, employers and other concerned authorities. In such mechanisms there is a requirement for knowledgeable interpreters. 9. Another measure which is being taken in rectifying the situation of the domestic workers is the increase of the number of the labor inspectors in America. Their authority is also being revised so that they can be able to carry out investigations on the working conditions which apply to the informal work places such as the households. On the other hand such inspection is also undertaken on a regular basis in the households which the domestic workers work. (Chow 1994) 10. There is also the development of a positive public perception on the domestic workers especially those who have emigrated from other countries to the United States of America. This would allow the public to appreciate the value of the work which is done by the domestic workers in the country. This is creatively done through the country’s mass media especially in the soap operas whereby the domestic workers are displayed as people who play a significant role in the American economy and the whole country at large. This has further helped in counteracting the image of the domestic workers and especially the women who have very low social economic status as well as those with low education levels. 11. In the United States of America there is a regularization process for the domestic workers who are immigrants and this only grants them the right to work. Thus these domestic workers can travel to other districts but only in the company of their employers. 12. There are measures which are looking into establishing some informal and also self help organizations for the domestic workers. This would give the domestic workers an opportunity to interact as well as share their personal experiences with the other domestic workers. 13. So as to improve the situation of the domestic workers in America the government has developed some programs for the immigrant workers and this is inclusive of a pre-departure orientation which is mandatory for the domestic worker and it looks into the heath issues. The issues of the domestic workers rights and responsibilities are also addressed in the orientation. The government acts to protect the human right of the immigrant and also the local domestic workers in America. There is also an establishment of some follow-up programs whereby the employees provide the necessary information on their rights over the domestic workers under the labor laws. This would ensure that both the employees and the employers have a transparency which exists between them and thus any forms of abuses are highly avoided. (Nancy 1987) Conclusion In the United States of America the domestic workers remain to be a very significant part of the country’s secondary labor markets. However there have been very major changes in the ethnicity and the geographical origins of the domestic workers in America. On the other hand the domestic workers have been experiencing some very harsh working conditions from their employees whereby their privacy is infringed upon as well as their rights as workers and human beings. However there are some measures which have been taken to address the situation of the domestic workers in America. These include the implementation of the domestic workers bill of rights and other policies and programs which help in protecting the rights of the domestic workers in America. Reference: Anderson, C. And Bowman, M. (1993): The Vanishing Servant and the Contemporary Status System of the American South. American Journal of Sociology Chow, E. (1994): Asian American Women at Work, Survival, Resistance, and Coping. Women of Color in U. S. Society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Nancy F. (1987): Introduction, New Immigrants and Changing Patterns in New York City. The New Immigrants in New York; (Ed. ) New York: Columbia University Press.

Behavior Changes and Side Effects in LSD Users Essay -- Hallucinogens

Behavior Changes and Side Effects in LSD Users In 1938, Albert Hofmann created lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD- 25) at Sandoz pharmaceutical laboratories in Basel, Switzerland. It was initially created to aid as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant, and it was discovered to stimulate contraction of the uterus. In 1943, it was unintentionally absorbed into Hofmann's skin, and he discovered that it was an extremely potent hallucinogen. Although a true hallucinogen is when a person sees or hears something (without sensory cues) that does not exist, and believes that the perceptions are real, LSD is considered a hallucinogen which merely alters the perception of existing sensory stimuli while most users are aware that their distorted perception is caused by the drug, (Henderson, 37, 45). LSD temporarily alters an individual's normal mode of perception, reasoning, memory, thoughts, and feelings, while producing a flood of intensified sensations. Colors, sounds, and visual imagery become more intense, subjective time is altered, and visual illusions including perceived movement of stationary objects are experienced. "The primary emotional response may be of euphoria and contentment, or less often a side effect of confusion, fear, anxiety, and despair" may result, (Henderson, 2). "Hallucinogens have been used for centuries by various people often in sacred rituals (Henderson, 37). LSD's most profound psychic effect, the sense of contacting some profound universal truth, cosmic consciousness, or transpersonal state, often described as feeling that the mind is transcending the boundaries of the individual self, with space, time, and identity all disarranged, is often the motivation f... ...e oxidase inhibitors or lithium. Behavioral Brain Research, Vol. 73, Issues 1 and 2, p. 229-233, (1995). Daw, Jennifer. Why and how normal people go mad. American Psychological Association, Vol. 33, No. 10 (November 2002). Halpern, J.H., and Pope, H.G., Jr. Do hallucinogens cause residual neuropsychological toxicity? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 53: p. 247-256, (1999). Henderson, L.A. and Glass, W.J. LSD: Still With Us After All These Years. New York: Lexington Books, 1994. Kalat, J.W. Biological Psychology. Canada: Wadsworth a division of Thomson Learning Inc., 2004. Ungerleider, J.T., M.D. The Problems and Prospects of LSD. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1968. www.drugabuse.com; NIDA Research Report Series: "Why do people take hallucinogens?" www.streetdrugs.org/lsd.htm www.usdoj.gov/dea www.usdoj.gov/ndic

Ethic Comments Essay

In the first answer to question #1 the writer makes the following statement about her relationship with God. â€Å"I can try to do things on my own but if it is not in his plan it will not happen† Winkelmann (1). This seems to indicate that the writer believes that only acts that follow God’s plan will have successful results. How does one know if an act that one is about to commit is in God’s plan? If God does have a plan for each of us, are we capable of committing an act that is not in God’s plan? The second writer to answer question #1 describes the process he uses to make important decisions in his life. He declares that, â€Å"I usually try to go in the path of whichever solution has less consequences, and to try to do what is morally right† Tango (1). It is unclear whether the writer is saying that only acts with little or no consequences are moral or, if the act that produces the least number of bad consequences is the most moral. What makes the writer believe the consequences of an act determine its moral correctness? In answer #1 to question # 2 the writer suggest that Psychologist Carol Gilligan believes â€Å"that women and men should learn to consider both views of ethics to get a better understanding so that women could recognize their own human rights and not be considered inferior to men†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (2). While the equality of men and women may be an ethical goal, is the equality of men and women a goal of ethics? In response to question #2, writer #2 makes the following quote about ethics. â€Å"The task of ethics is to respond to respond to particular individuals with whom we have valuable and close relationships† (2). An employer could be showing compassion and concern for his/her employees yet, the employer could be over charging his customers for inferior products or services. Does showing compassion, concern, love, or kindness in close relationships have anything to do with the moral correctness of the people in those relationships? The first answer to question #3 supposes that people have an innate sense of what is right and wrong. â€Å"Someplace, in our minds we know what is right or wrong† (3). This statement seems incorrect to this writer. All children commit wrong actions. How will a child learn which actions are right and which actions are wrong, if he is not taught? The writer of the second answer to question #3 states â€Å"Conscience itself is usually described as ‘the inner sense of what is right or wrong in ones conduct or motives impelling one toward right action† (3). I agree with this writer that a conscience need not come from religion. If this consciousness of right and wrong does not come from religion, from where does it come?

William the Conqueror

William the Conqueror was a Duke of Normandy, who fought to regain his power over the duchy, establishing it as a powerful force in France, before completing the successful Norman Conquest of England. Youth William was born to Duke Robert I of Normandy – although he wasn’t Duke until his brother died - and his mistress Herleva c. 1028. There are various legends about her origins, but she was possibly noble. His mother had one more child with Robert ​and married a Norman noble called Herluin, with whom she had two further children, including Odo, later a bishop and regent of England. In 1035 Duke Robert died on pilgrimage, leaving William as his only son and designated heir: Norman lords had sworn to accept William as Robert’s heir, and the King of France had confirmed this. However, William was only eight, and illegitimate - he was known frequently as ‘The Bastard’ - so while the Norman aristocracy initially accepted him as ruler, they did so mindful of their own power. Thanks to still developing succession rights, illegitimacy was not yet a bar to power, but it did make the young William reliant on others. Anarchy Normandy was soon plunged into discord, as ducal authority broke down and all levels of the aristocracy began building their own castles and usurping the powers of William’s government. War was frequently fought between these nobles, and such was the chaos that three of William’s protectors were killed, as was his teacher. It is possible that William’s steward was killed while William slept in the same room. Herleva’s family provided the best shield. William began to play a direct role in Normandy’s affairs when he turned 15 in 1042, and for the next nine years, he forcefully regained royal rights and control, fighting a series of war against rebel nobles. There was vital support from Henry I of France, especially at the battle of Val-es-Dunes in 1047, when the Duke and his King defeated an alliance of Norman leaders. Historians believe that William learned a huge amount about warfare and government through this period of turmoil, and it left him de termined to retain full control over his lands. It may also have left him ruthless and capable of brutality. William also took steps to regain control by reforming the church, and he appointed one of his key allies to the Bishopric of Bayeux in 1049. This was Odo, William’s half-brother by Herleva, and he took the position aged only 16. Nevertheless, he proved a loyal and able servant, and the church grew strong under his control. The Rise of Normandy By the late 1040s the situation in Normandy had settled to the extent that William was able to take part in politics outside his lands, and he fought for Henry of France against the Geoffrey Martel, Count of Anjou, in Maine. Trouble soon returned at home, and William was forced to once more fight a rebellion, and a new dimension was added when Henry and Geoffrey allied against William. With a mixture of luck – the enemy forces outside Normandy did not coordinate with those in, although William’s alacrity contributed here – and tactical skill, William defeated them all. He also outlived Henry and Geoffrey, who died in 1060 and were succeeded by more congenial rulers, and William secured Maine by 1063. He was accused of poisoning rivals to the region but this is widely believed to be just rumor. Nevertheless, it is interesting that he opened his attack on Maine by claiming the recently deceased Count Herbert of Maine had promised William his land should the count die without a son, and that Herbert had become a vassal of William’s in exchange for the county. William would claim a similar promise again shortly after, in England. By 1065, Normandy was settled and the lands surrounding it had been pacified, through politics, military action, and some lucky deaths. This left William as the dominant aristocrat in north France, and he was free to take on a grand project if one arose; it soon did. William married in 1052/3, to the daughter of the Baldwin V of Flanders, even though the Pope had ruled the marriage as illegal due to consanguinity. It may have taken until 1059 for William to work his way back into the good graces of the papacy, although he may have done so very quickly – we have conflicting sources - and he founded two monasteries while doing so. He had four sons, three of whom would go on to rule. The Crown of England The link between the Norman and English ruling dynasties had started in 1002 with a marriage and had continued when the Edward – later known as ‘the Confessor’ – had fled from Cnut’s invading force and taken shelter at the Norman court. Edward had retaken the English throne but grew old and childless, and at some stage during the 1050s there may have been negotiations between Edward and William over the right of the latter to succeed, but it is unlikely. Historians don’t know for certain what really happened, but William claimed he had been promised the crown. He also claimed that another claimant, Harold Godwineson, the most powerful noble in England, had sworn an oath to support William’s claim while on a visit to Normandy. Norman sources support William, and Anglo-Saxons ones support Harold, who claimed Edward had really given Harold the throne as the king lay dying. Either way, when Edward died in 1066 William claimed the throne and announced he would invade to take it off Harold and he had to persuade a council of Norman nobles who felt this was too risky a venture. William quickly gathered an invasion fleet which included noblemen from across France – a sign of William’s high reputation as a leader - and may have gained support from the Pope. Critically, he also took measures to ensure Normandy would remain loyal while he was absent, including giving key allies greater powers. The fleet tried to sail later that year, but weather conditions delayed it, and William eventually sailed on September 27th, landing the next day. Harold had been forced to march north to fight another invading claimant, Harald Hardrada, at Stamford Bridge. Harald marched south and took up a defensive position at Hastings. William attacked, and the Battle of Hastings followed in which Harold and significant portions of the English aristocracy were killed. William followed the victory by intimidating the country, and he was able to be crowned King of England in London on Christmas Day. King of England, Duke of Normandy William adopted some of the government he found in England, such as the sophisticated Anglo-Saxon exchequer and laws, but he also imported large numbers of loyal men from the continent to both reward them and hold his new kingdom. William now had to crush rebellions in England, and on occasion did it brutally. Even so, after 1072 he spent the majority of his time back in Normandy, dealing with recalcitrant subjects there. The borders of Normandy proved problematic, and William had to deal with a new generation of warring neighbors and a stronger French king. Through a mixture of negotiation and warfare, he tried to secure the situation, with some successes. There were more rebellions in England, including a conspiracy involving Waltheof, the last English earl, and when William had him executed there was great opposition; the chronicles like to use this as the start of a perceived decline in William’s fortunes. In 1076 William suffered his first major military defeat, to the King of France, at Dol. More problematic, William fell out with his eldest son Robert, who rebelled, raised an army, made allies of William’s enemies and started raiding Normandy. It is possible the father and son may even have fought in hand to hand in one battle. A peace was negotiated and Robert was confirmed as heir to Normandy. William also fell out with his brother, bishop and sometime regent Odo, who was arrested and imprisoned. Odo may have been about to bribe and threaten his way into the papacy, and if so William objected to the large number of troops Odo was planning to take from England to aid him. While trying to retake Mantes he suffered an injury – possibly while on horseback - which proved fatal. On his deathbed William made a compromise, giving his son Robert his French lands and William Rufus England. He died on September 9th, 1087 aged 60. As he died he asked for prisoners to be released, all except Odo. William’s body was so fat it did not fit into the prepared tomb and burst out with a sickening smell. Aftermath William’s place in English history is assured, as he completed one of the few successful conquests of that island, and transforming the makeup of the aristocracy, the pattern of the land, and the nature of culture for centuries. Normans, and their French language and customs, dominated, even though William adopted much of the Anglo-Saxon machinery of government. England was also tied closely to France, and William transformed his duchy from anarchic into the most powerful north French holding, creating tensions between the crowns of England and France which would also last for centuries. In the later years of his reign, William commissioned in England a survey of land use and value known as the Domesday Book, one of the key documents of the medieval era. He also bought the Norman church into England and, under the theological leadership of Lanfranc, changed the nature of English religion. William was a physically imposing man, strong early on, but very fat in later life, which became a source of amusement to his enemies. He was notably pious but, in an age of common brutality, stood out for his cruelty. It’s been said he never killed a prisoner who might later be useful and was cunning, aggressive and devious. William was probably faithful in his marriage, and this may have been the consequence of shame he felt in his youth as an illegitimate son.